If you download the xml file manually and upload it yourself to google, does it work ? If no, then you should first check on that problem.
If yes, then the problem is either the login to google which is not correct OR the plugin which is not triggered by the cron. So make sure that your credentials are correct, that the plugin is published and also check the ordering of the plugin in the joomla plugins manager as we had someone having a problem with it when the ordering was at 0.
Also, if the plugin uploads the file but that there is a problem during the upload, you should have some information on the problem in the "last upload date" column in the data feeds listing of google merchant.
Let us know what you find.