The short answer is : it depends
The long answer is:
Normally, with most payment methods, you're redirected to the payment gateway's payment page after the checkout. Then, once the payment is done, you're brought back to the after_end page where you see the thank you message.
The onAfterOrderUpdate trigger is called during the payment notification which is a server-to-server call from the payment gateway to the payment plugin. So it's not the same session as the session of the customer and thus, if you enqueueMessage a message in the onAfterOrderUpdate, that message will be displayed to the payment gateway server, not your customer.
Thus, that's not a good approach.
The best is to directly edit the file "after_end" of the view "checkout" via the menu Display>Views and directly add your message there.
If it has to be dynamic based on data that you can only get in the onAfterOrderUpdate trigger, you can always store it in the hikashop_order table with a MySQL query and then retrieve it in the after_end view file. However, there is also a slim possibility that the payment notification will be received only after the customer is redirected to the after_end view file (that shouldn't be the case with most payment gateways in normal conditions, but it will likely happen (it happened a few times with PayPal in the past few years for example) ) and in that case, you won't be able to do a dynamic message based on the onAfterOrderUpdate available data.