Hi,
It's your badges (the images with the recycling logo and "Reconditioned: text), which are part of the link wrapping the product image. They are so large that they are covering also the product image and most of the name of the product below. If you disabled the badges, you'd see that all works fine and as you could expect.
Make the badge smaller: crop the image, so all the unnecessary space which is transparent anyway is cut off, then replace your current badge image with the new smaller one.