Hi,
When you navigate to a products listing of a category, if you use a category filter, the system will look for either:
- products in the category you navigated to which are also linked to the category you selected in the filter (because you can have several categories selected for a product).
- products in the category selected in the filter.
This behavior depends on whether the "force redirect" setting of the filter module is activated or not.
There is no setting to have the filter take into account the category used for the navigation.
Doing that would require customizing the code of the file "filter" of the view "product" via the menu Display>Views in order to force the selected category based on the current category of the listing. But it would require a developer to help you with that.