Hi,
The price_value is indeed the "our price".
The product_msrp is indeed the "common price".
The product_sort_price is automatically calculated by HikaShop when you save the product data in the backend.
In HikaShop, you can have several prices (for different currencies, different min quantity, different user groups, different variants of the product, etc).
The goal of that product_sort_price field is to select one of these prices of your product and store it there so that it is easy to filter on that field on the products listings on the frontend. Otherwise, it would require complex joins and MySQL conditions to be able to filter/sort the products listings on their price.