Hi,
What I can see on that link is not to be done with characteristics so no wonder you're having a hard time
You should create first custom product fields via the menu Display->Custom fields, one per attribute.
Then, you would create an unpublished category.
Then, in that category, you would create one product per variant of your product and specify the value for each custom product field, its price, etc.
Then, in your main product, you would add your variant products as "related products".
Finally, you would edit the related products module in order to display the products in a table layout and turn on the add to cart button.
That should give a result quite close to the link you provided.